The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates said: "We are what we eat! "He is right in many ways, meaning by this the culture of food consumption, its benefits or harm in relation to the human body. Therefore, some products are vital for the full normal functioning of all organs and systems, while others, on the contrary, reduce the quality of life and lead to serious diseases, for example, pancreatitis. In this case, proper and balanced nutrition is a cure, which prevents possible relapses.
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the pancreas. This organ plays an important role in the functioning of the digestive tract. Its main functions are the production of insulin, as well as digestive enzymes needed for the breakdown and digestion of nutrients:
trypsin, for digestion of proteins;
lipase, for processing fats;
lactase, maltase, amylase, invertase, which ensure the transformation of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
Normally, pancreatic juice, saturated with enzymes, enters the duodenum through the ducts, where the main stage of food digestion takes place. Pathology occurs when the enzymatic fluid secretion is too active, its quantity becomes so that it cannot migrate physiologically "quickly" from the gland. Stagnation occurs when digestive enzymes interact with pancreatic cells, leading to their death, triggering inflammation.
In most cases, pancreatitis is the result of excessive and regular consumption of alcohol, fatty, and heavy foods. Such a diet results in the pancreas constantly working in enhanced mode, producing an excessive amount of enzymes, which has a toxic effect not only on the organ itself, but also on other life support systems, entering thesystemic blood flow.
The same reactions are possible when taking certain medicines.
Another common cause of the disease is partial or complete obstruction of the pancreatic duct. This may be due to the formation of stones (in the case of cholelithiasis), the formation of cysts, tumors, injuries, and in rare cases - with a structural anomaly. Cases of the development of the disease as a result of parasitism by pathogenic microorganisms and other gastrointestinal pathologies (cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc. ) are less frequently diagnosed.
General rules
There are two main types of pathology: acute and chronic. In the first case, the most noticeable symptoms are: there is severe pain on the left side, radiating to the forearm, frequent vomiting, and hyperemia. An attack usually occurs after eating fried or spicy foods or alcoholic beverages. In this case, urgent hospitalization and immediate treatment are needed to stabilize the condition as quickly as possible and to avoid dangerous complications, such as pancreatic necrosis and multi-organ failure.
In the first 2-3 days after an attack, it is forbidden to eat any food to stop the production of enzymatic secretions. During this period, the body is fed through drips.
It is allowed to drink as needed, but in small portions. Consuming mineral or boiled water, weak brewed tea, and rosehip decoction is allowed. After the pain subsides, the patient gradually switches to a normal diet. It is important not to overload the gland and give it time to recover, so the diet should be as gentle as possible. You should eat food in portions of no more than 150 g up to 6 times a day.
All dishes are prepared in liquid or semi-liquid form (broths, purees, porridges) by boiling or steaming and cooling to a warm temperature before serving. Gradually, the diet is expanded, adding more high-calorie and unrefined foods. Supplemental nutrition for pancreatitis is still fractional and scarce.
With chronic disease, the clinical picture is not so bright. The pathology, in this case, has already affected most of the glandular tissues, causing a significant disruption in the functioning of the organ, mainly in the total production of enzymes. Constant digestive disorders are observed: diarrhea, bloating, changes in the nature of feces, but no pain occurs. However, during an exacerbation, the symptoms become more severe and are accompanied by severe pain.
Dietary adjustments are made based on the same principles as for acute pancreatitis. After a quick three days, the patient switches to fractional low-calorie meals (proteins - 60 g, fats - 50 g per day). This regimen is indicated for a period of 5 to 7 days. In addition, the nature of the food varies depending on the patient's condition. Priority is given to proteins, the amount of fat is still low. Liquid foods are complemented by viscous, chopped ones; Cooking by stewing or baking is allowed.
Daily salt intake should not exceed 6 g (for any type of pathology).
Why follow a diet for pancreatitis?
An acute attack of the disease is a serious damage to the health of the gland. Only in isolated cases does the organ recover completely without any consequences. Usually, such disorders do not go away without a trace, especially if a person again abuses strong drinks or eats inappropriately. The transition to a chronic form is a dangerous condition; it will no longer be possible to fully recover. In this case, the affected gland is unable to produce the necessary amount of enzymes; regular (often lifelong) use of medicinal analogues is necessary.
Dietary nutrition for pancreatitis is mandatory. The main goal is to soothe the diseased organ, reduce hypersecretion, and prevent re-exacerbation. Difficult to digest, long-digesting foods that require increased production of pancreatic juice are excluded from the menu. The diet is chosen in such a way as to ensure the normal functioning of the pancreas and to maximize the restoration of damaged tissue.
Diet plays an important role in preventing diabetes. There are special areas in the gland, called islets of Langerhans, where a specific hormone, insulin, is produced. If inflammation affects these formations, then hormonal generation is reduced, which may eventually lead to the development of endocrine diseases. In this case, poor nutrition is considered a predisposing factor.
Approved products for pancreatitis
After the symptoms have weakened, diet table No. 5p for the patient. There are two options - basic and advanced. The first is prescribed for the chronic course of the pathology in the active phase and in the case of an acute attack. It is quite limited and consists mainly of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Improved nutrition for pancreatitis consists of adjusting the carbohydrate diet by adding protein products. Their daily content in food is not more than 125 g. At the same time, the amount of fat consumed should not exceed 70 g. In addition, the amount of other nutrients necessary for health is taken into account:
vitamin A - 10 mg;
B vitamins - from 2 to 10 mg;
vitamin C - up to 150 g;
calcium - 0. 8 g;
sodium - 3 g;
phosphorus - 1. 3 g;
magnesium - 0. 5 g;
iron - 0. 03 g.
All this suggests that the daily menu should not only be healthy, but also varied due to the use of various approved products.
Vegetables: potatoes, cucumbers, cauliflower, seaweed, green peas, pumpkin, zucchini, celery, carrots. Much controversy arises among nutritionists regarding the consumption of beets. Cooked root vegetables are known to be healthy, but the high content of betaine and sugars in them raises doubts about the safety of their use as a food for inflammation of the pancreas.
Pureed vegetables are eaten, in puree form, as part of the first courses. Gradually it is allowed to switch to a coarser grind.
Fruits, berries: apples, pears, pomegranates, peaches, strawberries, raspberries. The products are baked (apples), steamed, or various delicacies (without sugar) are prepared from them: preserves, jams, mousses, marshmallows, marmalade, jelly.
meat (lean): turkey, chicken, rabbit, veal (fillet or tenderloin). The products can be consumed after the patient's condition is stabilized. They are used to cook broths, puree soups, steamed cutlets, quenelles, meatballs, and prepare soufflés.
Fish: pike perch, pike, carp, perch, pike, mullet, cod, blue whiting. It is served in boiled pieces or processed into minced meat for steaming.
Dairy products (low fat): milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream, yogurt. Fermented milk drinks are drunk a little during the day, porridge is cooked with milk, and cottage cheese is used for casseroles and puddings.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the case. Only soft brined cheeses are allowed for consumption: feta cheese, suluguni, etc. The crushed products are added to food during cooking.
Cereals: semolina, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal. Cereals are best ground into flour.
pasta: at all. Prepare according to the instructions, preference is given to small items.
Eggs: hen, quail. They are eaten boiled (mashed), soft-boiled (rare) or as an omelet.
On the: wheat (yesterday), with bran, crackers, biscuits.
Oil: creamy (up to 30 g per day), vegetables (flaxseed, olive, refined sunflower) are gradually added to the menu.
drinks: weak tea, compotes, diluted juices from non-acidic berries, fruits, still mineral water.
All food is prepared just before the meal. It is forbidden to "fry" soup vegetables.
Fully or partially limited products
Unfortunately, a dangerous disease sets its own strict rules under which the patient must continue to live. First of all, this concerns the daily diet. To avoid possible relapses and worsening of the condition in the future, you will need to permanently stop eating certain foods. Of course, this is difficult to accept, but the price of poor nutrition during pancreatitis is often the patient's life.
Dieting should not be treated as a fad. The number of things you can eat is not so small, and in every part of the food table. In addition, if the patient is feeling well, nutrition for pancreatitis can be expanded by introducing foods that are not included in the main diet (some seasonal vegetables, fruits, etc. ). Their consumption must be strictly limited, carefully monitoring the body's reaction. If any signs, even mild ones, indicating a possible attack occur, the new food introduced into the diet is immediately excluded.
There are no foods high in fat in the patient's diet. First of all, this applies to meat (pork, lamb, duck, goose, offal). Any semi-finished meat products and sausages are also prohibited. The latter is a particular potential risk, due to a large number of chemical flavoring additives that irritate the entire digestive system. The exception is sausage or ham made from dietary poultry meat, which is sometimes consumed in small quantities.
Excluded types of fatty sea and river fish (salmon, beluga, sturgeon, sterlet, etc. ), as well as caviar, rolls and sushi. It is allowed to eat fish dishes with a moderate fat content and seafood (no more than 2 times a week).
The diet menu does not contain vegetables with coarse fiber, high acidity: white cabbage, radish, rutabaga, radish, turnip, spinach, sorrel, corn, asparagus, eggplant. You should not serve pickled, pickled, salty vegetables, ginger, olives or dishes prepared with garlic and onions. Products must be thermally processed before consumption; they should not be eaten raw. Sweet tomatoes can be used with caution in the diet if there are no signs of inflammation of the pancreas.
Fruits and berries that contain a large amount of acids, causing increased secretion of pancreatic fluid. Therefore, their use is undesirable, especially during the rehabilitation period after an attack. Citrus fruits, persimmons, melons, fresh berries, and their juices are prohibited. Dried fruit is allowed to a limited extent.
The consumption of mushrooms and legumes is excluded. These products are a source of large amounts of vegetable protein, which helps to activate the pancreas. In addition, unwanted disorders of other organs of the gastrointestinal tract are possible: increased gas formation, constipation, which are especially problematic for people with pancreatitis.
Hard-to-digest foods made from cereals are prohibited: millet, barley, peas and pearl barley. The consistency of the finished cereal should be semi-liquid and viscous; it is not recommended to eat it in a false form.
Fat milk, as well as its derivatives (cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream) are extremely undesirable. Hard, salty, sour cheeses and cheese products are prohibited.
When preparing food, no spices can be used or factory sauces served: mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, etc. Cooking with frying is strictly prohibited. Fried foods (including sauteed vegetables for soups) are saturated with many carcinogens and other harmful substances that have a depressing effect on the functioning of the entire digestive tract. Regular consumption of such food can trigger a new attack. The same goes for any smoked meat or tinned fish. You should not let fish into a small amount of water, because . . . this releases extractive substances that require increased production of pancreatic juice.
It is forbidden to eat fresh bread, bakery and sweet products. Such food is a source of a large amount of carbohydrates, which promotes the activity of the diseased organ and increases the release of insulin. In combination with cooking fats (margarine, etc. ), this is a serious load that is unacceptable for pancreatitis. Therefore, you should also not eat cakes, pastries, ice cream, chocolate or honey.
Any alcohol is strictly prohibited, as well as strong coffee, carbonated drinks, cocoa, and green tea.
Sample menu for a week for pancreatitis for free,
Nutrition for pancreatitis in the acute phase is quite poor, but it is necessary to reduce inflammation. A 6-hour meal plan is prescribed:
Breakfast. Soft porridges with water are best; in the absence of symptoms, with diluted milk. You can complete your meal with a piece of toasted bread brushed with butter.
Lunch. Usually, it includes unleavened cottage cheese or cheesecakes, jelly, and fruit puree.
Dinner. The first course is served on light soups and vegetable soups. For the second course - meat or fish soufflé, steamed cutlets with cereals and pureed vegetables.
Afternoon snack. Its composition is similar to the second snack.
Dinner. This meal is best light, but with sufficient protein content. Boiled fish, meat pate with a side dish is suitable.
Throughout the night. Instead of food - a glass of low-fat kefir or yogurt.
Depending on the patient's condition, the daily menu is supplemented with other dishes from the list of approved products.
Monday
Rice porridge puree, rosehip infusion.
Apple baked with dried apricots.
Chicken consommé with croutons, fish soufflé.
Kissel, biscuits.
Turkey meatballs, pumpkin and carrot puree.
Kefir.
Tuesday
Buckwheat porridge, tea with milk.
Low-fat cottage cheese (100 g), apple mousse.
Vegetable puree soup, steamed veal meatballs.
Compote, a piece of soft, lightly salted cheese.
Pike perch cooked with potatoes.
Ryazhenka.
Wednesday
Oatmeal porridge in water with dried fruit.
Yogurt.
Rice soup with carrots, bread with cheese.
Fruit jam.
Cottage cheese casserole with pears, wheat bread.
Yogurt.
Thursday
Steam omelette (white), sandwich with butter, tea.
Curd pudding.
Fish soup, rabbit soufflé with carrot garnish.
Kefir, fruit jelly.
Steamed chicken cutlet with cauliflower puree.
Curdled milk.
Friday
steamed cheesecakes, rosehip drink.
Baked apple.
Pumpkin cream soup, turkey roll with vegetables.
Yogurt.
Boiled veal, carrot pudding.
Unsweetened tea.
Saturday
Boiled egg white, kefir.
Fruit puree, biscuits.
Homemade noodles with vegetable broth, turkey cutlet.
Homemade cheese.
Pasta with green peas, compote.
Varenets.
Sunday
Semolina porridge with butter.
Apple mousse.
Chicken stew with potato dumplings, fish dumplings.
Vegetable puree.
Steamed turkey with a side dish of zucchini and carrots.
Milk (low fat).
Diet recipes
Rice porridge with pumpkin
You will need to:
Broken round grain rice - half a glass;
pumpkin - 300 g;
half and half milk with water - only 1 glass;
sugar - 1 tsp;
salt.
Cut the pumpkin, previously peeled and seeded, into pieces, boil in a small amount of water until tender, rub through a sieve. Another option is to grate the vegetable and add it to the pan with the rice.
Add cereal to boiling diluted milk and cook for 15 minutes. Then add pumpkin puree, sugar, and add a little salt. Stir and keep on fire for another 2-3 minutes. It is better to eat porridge when it has stood for 20-30 minutes.
Beef and Cauliflower Soup
Ingredients:
turkey or chicken fillet - 300 g;
fresh egg white - 2 pcs. ;
potatoes - 3 pcs. ;
carrots - 1 piece;
cauliflower - 300 g;
water - 2-2, 5 l;
salt.
Make mincemeat. Knead well with egg whites and form into walnut size meatballs. Put cabbage, previously disassembled into small inflorescences, and grated carrots into boiling water. After 5 minutes, add the potatoes, cut into small cubes. When the vegetables are cooked, add meatballs to the soup, add salt and stir. Let simmer over low heat for 5-7 minutes.
If the disease gets worse, you can prepare a sweeter cream soup. In this case, the meatballs are not shaped. Minced meat (without protein) is added to the boiled vegetables, mixed, boiled for 5-7 minutes, and after cleaning the contents of the pan with a blender. Pour in the egg whites in a thin stream, and stir them into the soup.
Chicken soufflé
Products:
skinless chicken breast - 500 g;
milk - 1 glass;
egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
vegetable oil (for greasing the mold);
salt.
Preheat the oven to 180 °C. Pass the breast through a meat grinder twice, mix with egg whites and milk, add salt. Beat the minced meat with a blender until smooth. Grease a heat-resistant dish with oil and fill with meat mixture. Bake for 30 minutes without opening the oven.
Steamed fish fillets
You will need to:
white fish fillet (cod, monkfish, perch) - 500 g;
whites from 2 eggs;
salt.
Grind the fish into minced meat, add salt, add egg whites, and knead well until smooth. Form cutlets. Place them on a wire rack placed in a deep pan of boiling water and keep them over steam until cooked (25-30 minutes). You can use a slow cooker for this.
Broccoli omelette
Ingredients:
raw whites - 4 pcs (or 2 eggs);
broccoli - 200 g;
milk - 0. 5 cups;
water;
salt;
oil for lubrication.
Wash the cabbage, cut into pieces, cook covered for 10 minutes. Beat the whites (eggs) with milk and salt until foamy. Place the cooked vegetables in a non-resistant frying pan, greased with oil, pour in the egg-milk mixture, and place in an oven preheated to 180 °C. Bake for 10 minutes. In acute cases of the disease, cabbage inflorescences are pressed into the pulp.
For children
The disease is rarely diagnosed in childhood. However, an acute attack is possible if the child suffers from substance abuse, if he has suffered previous serious viral infections, abdominal trauma, or if he has been subject to long-term drug therapy (hormones, tetracyclines). The disease often manifests itself in conjunction with other gastrointestinal pathologies, for example, gastritis. Dietary therapy, in this case, should take into account the nature of the underlying disease.
Nutrition for pancreatitis in children is the same as in adults, and is carried out according to a similar scheme: in the first week - a strict, sweet menu, then the weekly table is gradually diversified, subject to gooddetachment and lack of disturbance. signs.
It is important to remember that a growing baby's body needs the necessary amount of nutrients, including fats. Therefore, in order not to overload the gland, the child receives the necessary dose of enzymes artificially, i. e. with the help of medication.
The daily menu must include vegetables, fruits (in the remission phase they can be eaten fresh, but with caution), fermented milk products, liquid, viscous porridges, soups, as well as lean meat and boiled fish. A strict diet after an attack must be followed for a month, an extended diet for at least 5 years, and in the chronic form of the disease it is necessary to adhere to the diet table for life.
For pregnancy
Pancreatitis in women during pregnancy can worsen when taking certain vitamin complexes or as a result of internal pressure placed on the gland by an enlarged uterus. Nutrition for pancreatitis in this case should be nutritional, but taking into account all the nutritional needs necessary for the full development of the fetus.
Advantages and disadvantages
Following a diet is the key to the health of not only the pancreas, but also the entire digestive system. Such nutrition is balanced, healthy, easier and more fully digestible. In addition, despite the restrictions, the diet is quite varied and allows you to combine different foods in dishes, which provides a wide nutritional table. However, it takes time to get used to this diet. For many patients, this is not a consumer barrier and a psychological barrier, because many common "tasty" products have to be abandoned. But this is necessary to maintain the opportunity to live normally.
Comments from nutritionists
The treatment of pancreatitis with the help of diet is aimed, first of all, at the maximum unloading of the affected gland. It is important to stop excessive production of enzymatic secretions. However, according to nutritionists, from time to time it is necessary to provide complete rest to the digestive organs. During this period, the affected organ is most at risk of regeneration, due to its functional "sleep".
For this purpose, therapeutic fasting (total refusal of food) is performed. This regimen is often observed for 24 hours, but it can be increased if the patient feels well and under the supervision of the doctor. Requires long-term abstinence from food (more than 7 days) in hospital.
A sweeter option than fasting days. Nutritionists recommend having them at least once a week. From the line of approved dishes, one is chosen, for example, vegetable porridge or puree. It is prepared in such quantities that it can be divided into several meals. No other products are used.
Reviews and results
Only by strictly following the rules of the treatment table can a stable dynamics of remission be observed.
Any violation, even a small one, in the diet can negate all previous efforts, which provokes a new round of diseases. How this could turn out for the patient, no doctor will say in advance, but, in any case, the consequences will be the most disappointing. Reviews from patients with pancreatitis only confirm this. That's why it's so important to eat right. The main thing is to take it easier, study your body and understand what is tolerated well and what is bad. An excellent motivation in this matter is the strong support of relatives.
Price
The cost of a weekly diet food basket is from 20 to 40 dollars.